
In 1608, Smyth and his church had to flee England for Holland
to escape persecution. Four years later Thomas Helwys, a member of Smyths
congregation, led a group that returned to England to face it.
They founded the first Baptist church on English soil. Helwys
then published Englands first treatise calling for universal "freedom of
conscience." Though it cost him his life, Helwys convictions and the witness of
his church exercised great influence on the mind of a young man who would emigrate to
America.
When Roger Williams arrived in America, in 1631, he was offered
the pastorate of the church in Boston. He declined because his, "conscience was
persuaded against the national church." Williams was soon banished from the
Massachusetts Bay Colony for holding the disharmonious conviction that those in authority "cannot
without a spiritual rape force the consciences of all to one worship."
Williams went on to found the first Baptist church in America
and the Colony of Rhode Island securing the first charter in the world that
established "a free, full, and absolute liberty of conscience."
By the 1770s, Baptists churches had sprung up throughout
the colonies and were welcome in none except Rhode Island.

Particularly unwelcome were their refusals to pay
taxes to support state churches on the grounds that "it implies an acknowledgement
that the civil power has a right to set one religious sect up above another . . . [and]
emboldens people to judge the liberty of other mens consciences."

Colonial governments dealt harshly with Baptists until the
necessity for enlisting soldiers to fight the British outweighed the need to collect taxes
for religion.
For Baptists, the War for Independence and the battle for Liberty
of Conscience were one and the same. That is why they refused to vote to ratify the
Constitution until an amendment was added to secure "liberty of conscience." As
John Leland explained to George Washington in a letter written on behalf of Virginia
Baptists:

"When the Constitution first made its
appearance in Virginia, we, as a society, had unusual strugglings of mind, fearing that
the liberty of conscience, dearer to us than property or life, was not sufficiently
secured. Perhaps our jealousies were heightened by the usage we received in Virginia under
regal government, when mobs, fines, bonds and prisons were our frequent repast."

"Liberty of conscience, dearer to us than property or
life" and opposition to judging "the liberty of other mens
consciences." Those were convictions that used to distinguish Baptists from other
Christians.
Baptists used to be sensitive to the still, small voice of God
that speaks within the heart and reverberates through every aspect of your being. Too
often, Baptists listen to other voices today -- voices that speak in our ears and
reverberate through our seats by artificial amplification.
Baptists used to look for Jesus in the
eye of everyone we faced. Today we look for sin in the face of everyone we eye.
Baptists used to be able to look at themselves through the eyes
of others. Today we presume to look at others through the eyes of God.
When did Baptists lose touch with their heart and soul?
What distracted us from the voice within that judges us alone
and no other?
Whatever became of conscience?